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“I’LL MAKE A MAN OUT OF YOU”: STRONG WOMEN IN SCIENCE FICTION AND FANTASY TELEVISION BY ANITA SARKEESIAN

A Research Paper submitted to the Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social and Political Thought Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought York University Toronto, Ontario June 2010

Abstract

Heroic women in science fiction and fantasy television shows have done muchto represent strong, successful women in leadership positions. However, these female roles that are viewed as strong and empowered embody many masculine identified traits, maintaining a patriarchal division of gender roles. This paper analyzes strong female characters within nine television shows by deconstructing their stereotypically “masculine” and “feminine” gender specific attributes and cross referencing how they play within and against traditional archetypes. Employing texts from cultural criticism and feminist theory, I explore how representations of groups in popular culture and mass media messaging uphold structures of power by giving higher value to masculine attributes as observed in patriarchal discourse. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of why it is critical to foster television media that supports feminist ideals and breaks out of traditional oppressive gender binaries in order to promote, encourage and envision a just future society.

Filed under gender binary television media masculinity feminity patriarchy society culture structures of power feminist theory mass media

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I remember an article I once read a long time ago.  I had even copied it out of the magazine and kept it around (I don’t know if I still have it).  Well, it examined the gender binary in media in regards to geeks.  Geek boys hang out in groups, always get the hot girl etc. while the girls are loners, and usually are ugly until they meet the guy and then they become pretty so that they guy will like them more.

http://www.feministfrequency.com/

Filed under gender binary geek geek culture media feminism feminist frequency

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consent

I think the treatment of women in Congo is comparable to the treatment of women in the U.S. Fearing ones own body, and being paranoid about your image, is undeniably tied.  I have through a process of letting go and regaining body ownership, and constantly being aware (of the images) and the media/social expectations that I’m supposed to be prescribing too, I have for the most part successfully let go many body standards that have been pushed at me, and are.  I came to realize that I have another enemy inside me.  Despite being able to physically control how I look, and though I can change how I see myself, I cannot change how others perceive and look at me.  This isn’t where I wanted to take this exactly. 

When people look at me, (mainly when a man) there are primarily two things that go through my head.  How this person is seeing me in regards to my appearance (how I’m dressed, hair, makeup etc.) the other factor that I believe gets less notice, is how I instinctively react to their proximity, or what I do to protect myself, or how I either become more masculine or more feminine.  This isn’t really where I wanted to go either. …

What I’m saying is, there is body image and body fear, and both are intrinsically related.  Yesterday we watched The Line, and in it the the woman was talking about how great it was that her body was considered sacred.  Indeed every body’s body should be sacred, but not in physical terms of appearance directly affecting our honor.  Paranoia would not be present without all that body stigma.  Meaning all the thoughts about honor and self worth comes from your body, and the paranoia is a reality, and comes from the fact that you are being judged on sight. 

Everything can be rationalized… thoughts on when both parties are drunk or incapacitated… then consent is a much deeper discussion about ingrained behavior.  I don’t know about how drinking changes base character and thoughts. 

I would assume we would all agree that an enthusiastic yes is a good way to consent and to talk during sex and knowing exactly what’s going to happen is potentially very sexy and at least a good thing.  But in the mainstream world people have ways of behaving in a prescribed way that they think is appropriate.  And for sure people have ways of rationalizing their behavior, and either purposefully or because of cultural standards they misinterpret behaviors to suit their needs, which leads into talk about self awareness. 

Filed under consent rambling congo women rape sexual assault feminism masculinity body image body hate body fear culture media

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ATTN: Feminism

krona:

I am slightly perturbed by statements such as “Just because I’m a feminist doesn’t mean I can’t {wear a miniskirt and make-up/shave all my body-hair off/love doing ‘girly’ things}”. Again, it presents itself as an incredibly liberal phrase at first, and I want to make clear very quickly that it is not the statement itself I take issue with but the thought (this is possibly where it gets confusing) behind it. Of course you can be a feminist and wear a miniskirt etc! Of course it’s about the choice, your choice!

But what choice do we have? Go back a hundred or two hundred years (or a lot less in most places) and the overwhelming honest response from womankind (at least in most western society) to stepping outside of their assigned cooking/cleaning/mothering roles would be a negative one. Even if they were to agree with the notion of a choice in the matter, they would choose to remain in those positions that we would judge as subservient and exploitative. It’s easy for us to look back, and down, on them.. but a lot harder to look at, and in, ourselves for the exact same opposition to change. We are in a different time, with different challenges. A number of extremely brave people have moved the battle (forward, some might say) - but to declare it over would be to undo their work.

In a privilege dynamic, it is always easy to conform to whatever standards are expected from you, whatever side of the lines you reside in, regardless of whether you mentally disagree. Simply playing your part reinforces those standards society-wide and in your own mind, increases the pressure on others to accept the status-quo, used as an excuse to force the same indoctrination on the next generation, and becomes a subsidy of the counter-attack against anyone who dares defy it. Resisting oppression is revolutionary. Conforming with oppression is not. Not even if you like it, especially not if you like it. On the one hand, none are free until all are, and on the other: do you really like it?

An example. You shave your body-hair off. Why? “Not for a man, I’m a feminist. I just don’t like it.” Yet where has this very common idea come from? It is a very recent idea too.. Consider the mountains and mountains of both blatant and subtle contemporary propaganda telling you practically every single day that body hair is obscene for a woman and desirable for a man. Now consider the possibility that the patriarchy has taken feminism, viciously tore a chunk out of it, and is now selling it back to us as a brand of sexism ‘now with added superiority to those pitiful women who serve men for men and not serve men for themselves! Because your own desires, as a woman, can’t be sexist.. can they?’

None of us are capable of making objective and completely individual decisions. Not me, not you. To declare yourself immune from the collective consciousness of the society which moulded you from birth is arrogance and insanity. We are brought up by an incredibly sexist/racist/etc society, and to not initially accept this upbringing in us and others robs us of our only chance of opposing it.

Fighting our conditioning is a constant and eternal process. Just because you identify yourself as ‘a feminist’ does not mean that you cannot act in ways which reinforce gender oppression. You will never be free except when you are consciously struggling; thinking that you are magically free of sexist influence is a trojan horse of defeat, albeit tempting - especially for those of us who have been struggling the hardest/longest/most painfully. 

These are pretty big and incomplete/flawed ideas so I would be incredibly appreciative of any feedback whatsoever, whomever you are, and I apologise in advance the the inevitable miscommunication.

-Eris :)

 ”To declare yourself immune from the collective consciousness of the society which moulded you from birth is arrogance and insanity.”

I love it <3 Perfectly said.  How is it empowering to hate you body so much that you even get it surgically altered?

Filed under body hair shaving body image oppression internalized oppression sexism gender binary gender society culture western culture feminism patriarchy media plastic surgery Liposuction breast implants

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sex-torture as comedy

“This year’s Hot Tub Time Machine features a scene where a group of strangers circle two grown men in a bathroom and force one man to give the other a blowjob, while they both sob. Also from this year: in Get Him to the Greek the main character is forced by his friends to go off with a woman who tries to (or maybe does? the camera cuts away) put a dildo up his bum while he cries and begs her not to. And in the mother of all bromances, The 40 Year Old Virgin, a group of friends put a porn movie on surround sound and then lock their sexually shy friend in the room alone and refuse to let him out. Note: all of these scenes are supposed to be funny. Not funny with a bitter edge, just straight up, laugh out loud funny. In other words, the target audiences of these films are asked to identify with a group of characters on a quest, and then guffaw when said characters are sexually humiliated. That’s some deep shit. ”

“When I started out thinking about the recurring scenes of sex-torture in recent bromances, I figured that—apart from being reinforcements of homophobic culture on overdrive—they must have some kind of cathartic function for audiences. The entire bromance genre is based on heteronormative adult men’s inability to express love and affection for each other. Consciously, writers write sex-torture as comedy because they think sexual violation is funny. Unconsciously, I think we can argue that these scenes exist because our culture of masculinity uses the threat of non-consensual sex to punish men for natural feelings of affection and admiration for their friends. “

Filed under sex torture sexual assault sexual violence violence rape assault comedy dark humor humor dark comedy feminism feminist heteronormative homophobia masculinity bromance culture society media movies deep shit non-consensual sex

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I’m going to say it

I love Twilight.  Went and saw Eclipse yesterday, and I loved it just like I have the other two and all the books.  Throughout the whole movie I was hypersensitive because of all the criticism it’s received regarding Edward being like a d.v. partner, and Bella having to be protected and shit.  I agree that the movies and books support the basic template of the man being supreme and the woman being protected, yet there are many rad key points that stand out for me.  By no means do I think anything should be overlooked, or left unconfronted.  I think it’s extremely important to point at whats wrong and to hold it accountable for how it affects our mass culture, especially considering just how huge Twilight is. 

I suppose I just want to ask why people spend time talking about Twilight, but not any of the other huge movies that our children are raised with.  Like Cinderella and The Little Mermaid.  Or why people don’t talk about parents showing their tiny kids violent horror films.  Comparatively Twilight is minor compared to the movies that are considered ‘normal’.  With Twilight, you can even say you hate it and be part of a collective whole that agree with you, but if you dare say that Disney is sexist, watch the fuck out because at least from what I’ve experienced practically everybody you know will descend on you to defend what is ‘normal’. 

I only want to point out a few things that I really noticed about Twilight in regards to Edward being a controlling bastard.  Bella doesn’t have to fear what Edward will do, if she does what she wants.  Yes, he has every right to be jealous and dislike another trying to go after his significant other.  I would consider that normal.  As far as the author pushing her Mormon beliefs on people, like not having sex until after marriage… While I hardly think that it’s necessary or good or bad or anything like that… I think it’s significant to say that for two people who would die for each other because of their deep bond and love for one another, that they don’t even have to be having passionate sex, is definitely a different type of relationship that one doesn’t typically see anymore.  Sex is awesome important and everything good, but it isn’t the climax of a relationship. 

So thanks to the people who have put a lot of time and energy into confronting the bullshit, I beg you to do the same thing for all the other movies that people are watching everyday, including the ones that you love.  We definitely all have our guilty pleasures… or things that we’ve never considered damaging, but if you think Twilight is bad… look at everything else you’re watching and reading.  The things you’ve taken for granted since being a baby.  Criticise… and start with me.

Filed under Twilight Eclipse domestic violence feminism feminist disney sexism movies media ingrained oppression sex love guilty pleasures criticise relationships mormon children mass media

39 notes

i-am-the-lighthouse:

91% of victims of rape are female.99% of perpetrators are male.77% of rapes are commited by someone known to the victim.6 out of 10 rapes occur in the victim’s own home or home of a friend, relative or neighbor.6.5% of rape accusations in the UK end in conviction.[Source]
Rape culture is defined as a term used within women’s studies and feminism, describing a culture in which rape and other sexual violence (usually against women) are common and in which prevalent attitudes, norms, practices, and media condone, normalize, excuse, or encourage sexualized violence.
The results for searching “rape” on The Sun website show a troubling double-edge sword: 
EX SLASHED OWN FACE AND CRIED RAPE - WOMAN avoids jail for slashing her OWN face with knife and claiming her ex tried to rape her
TWEED CLEARED OVER TEEN RAPE - JACK Tweed punches the air – after a jury took less than 20 minutes to clear him of rape
DUBAI RAPE BRIT: MY LIFE’S IN RUINS - BRITISH rape victim reveals she was arrested after going to cops to report attack
COMPO-CLAIM RAPE LIAR LET OFF PRISON - A WOMAN who cried rape after dragging a man into toilets for sex walks free from court
The plurality of the coverage is shown in the fact that there are two contradictory stories to these, ‘Don’t Blame Rape on the Victim’ and ‘It took me 10 years to get over rape… now I’m ready to help other girls cope’. So wait, is rape something that evil women fabricate to get back at their perfect boyfriends, or something strangers do? Are victims liars, or guilty of their own rape?

Nicole was almost five times the drink-drive limit when she was separated from a friend walking home from a party after midnight. While lost, homeless Stuart O’Neill, 20, dragged her to the ground and raped her. He was given an indeterminate jail sentence last November.

The misconception is continually perpetuated  by the media that rapists leap from the shadows. As shown above, 6 out of 10 occur in very familiar places, and over three-quarters are committed by someone known by the victim. Over half those reported in the press were carried out by strangers in a public place, while in reality less than 17% are carried out this way.
“Never miss an opportunity with New Lynx Bullet… Pocket Pulling Power!” This advert has a man imagining every attractive girl he sees in their underwear. This is shown to be normal for men, the ultimate goal in cross-gender relations being the sexual conquest of attractive women. Though the advert does challenge the stereotype by having the women see him the same way, this is done for comic effect with the irony being that this does not occur as frequently.
The media report that rape could happen anywhere, governed seemingly in the above quote by how many times over the limit a woman is. Advertising and men’s media encourage the acquisition of women as objects for male pleasure. Victim-blaming is rife among both sexes, because a woman’s drunkenness actively encourages consent free sex, often when the victim is unconscious.
To quote the LIST OF STUPID ANTI-FEMINIST ARGUMENTS, the feminist says “when men take advantage of womyn who have consumed too much alcohol it’s rape.” Seems logical right?
But the anti-feminist counters this by saying: “women are responsible for how much they drink and who they drink with. Rape is forced sexual intercourse. You can’t change the definition and call something else rape just because you lacked the self-control to stop drinking.”
Rape is sex without consent. The fact that the anti-feminist describes a man’s honourable conduct as ‘taking advantage of women who have consumed too much alcohol’ shows the rape-apologist, male-dominant, victim-blaming society we live in.
I welcome you to rape culture.

 But the anti-feminist counters this by saying: “women are responsible for how much they drink and who they drink with. Rape is forced sexual intercourse. You can’t change the definition and call something else rape just because you lacked the self-control to stop drinking.”
&#8212;-Since most people trusted their rapist, and you don&#8217;t monitor how much you drink with people you trust the only conclusion I can take from this is either don&#8217;t drink, or don&#8217;t trust anybody. Hmm, okay&#8230; but I can still trust my brother right, and my best friend?

i-am-the-lighthouse:

91% of victims of rape are female.
99% of perpetrators are male.
77% of rapes are commited by someone known to the victim.
6 out of 10 rapes occur in the victim’s own home or home of a friend, relative or neighbor.
6.5% of rape accusations in the UK end in conviction.
[Source]

Rape culture is defined as a term used within women’s studies and feminism, describing a culture in which rape and other sexual violence (usually against women) are common and in which prevalent attitudes, norms, practices, and media condone, normalize, excuse, or encourage sexualized violence.

The results for searching “rape” on The Sun website show a troubling double-edge sword: 

EX SLASHED OWN FACE AND CRIED RAPE - WOMAN avoids jail for slashing her OWN face with knife and claiming her ex tried to rape her

TWEED CLEARED OVER TEEN RAPE - JACK Tweed punches the air – after a jury took less than 20 minutes to clear him of rape

DUBAI RAPE BRIT: MY LIFE’S IN RUINS - BRITISH rape victim reveals she was arrested after going to cops to report attack

COMPO-CLAIM RAPE LIAR LET OFF PRISON - A WOMAN who cried rape after dragging a man into toilets for sex walks free from court

The plurality of the coverage is shown in the fact that there are two contradictory stories to these, ‘Don’t Blame Rape on the Victim’ and ‘It took me 10 years to get over rape… now I’m ready to help other girls cope’. So wait, is rape something that evil women fabricate to get back at their perfect boyfriends, or something strangers do? Are victims liars, or guilty of their own rape?

Nicole was almost five times the drink-drive limit when she was separated from a friend walking home from a party after midnight. While lost, homeless Stuart O’Neill, 20, dragged her to the ground and raped her. He was given an indeterminate jail sentence last November.

The misconception is continually perpetuated  by the media that rapists leap from the shadows. As shown above, 6 out of 10 occur in very familiar places, and over three-quarters are committed by someone known by the victim. Over half those reported in the press were carried out by strangers in a public place, while in reality less than 17% are carried out this way.

“Never miss an opportunity with New Lynx Bullet… Pocket Pulling Power!” This advert has a man imagining every attractive girl he sees in their underwear. This is shown to be normal for men, the ultimate goal in cross-gender relations being the sexual conquest of attractive women. Though the advert does challenge the stereotype by having the women see him the same way, this is done for comic effect with the irony being that this does not occur as frequently.

The media report that rape could happen anywhere, governed seemingly in the above quote by how many times over the limit a woman is. Advertising and men’s media encourage the acquisition of women as objects for male pleasure. Victim-blaming is rife among both sexes, because a woman’s drunkenness actively encourages consent free sex, often when the victim is unconscious.

To quote the LIST OF STUPID ANTI-FEMINIST ARGUMENTS, the feminist says “when men take advantage of womyn who have consumed too much alcohol it’s rape.” Seems logical right?

But the anti-feminist counters this by saying: “women are responsible for how much they drink and who they drink with. Rape is forced sexual intercourse. You can’t change the definition and call something else rape just because you lacked the self-control to stop drinking.”

Rape is sex without consent. The fact that the anti-feminist describes a man’s honourable conduct as ‘taking advantage of women who have consumed too much alcohol’ shows the rape-apologist, male-dominant, victim-blaming society we live in.

I welcome you to rape culture.

 But the anti-feminist counters this by saying: “women are responsible for how much they drink and who they drink with. Rape is forced sexual intercourse. You can’t change the definition and call something else rape just because you lacked the self-control to stop drinking.”

—-Since most people trusted their rapist, and you don’t monitor how much you drink with people you trust the only conclusion I can take from this is either don’t drink, or don’t trust anybody. Hmm, okay… but I can still trust my brother right, and my best friend?

Filed under rape culture rape victim blaming media sexism gender binary feminism anti-feminism